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Sub-Saharan African nations represent around one-third of the total, followed by Latin America and the Middle East (the latter 2 together accounting for over 40% of the total). Including, there has been an (from 90.3 in 2000-04 to 92.6 and 92.3 in the five years pre- and post-pandemic ).
and ranked higher than others; UAE is up more than 45 locations in 2024 compared to 2000 while Qatar climbed up 24; both Saudi Arabia and Oman rose 17 ranks during the period. The trapped or worse off nations are some parts of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa where structural improvement has stalled.
Integrating ESG into the Core of Gulf Business Modelsreveals a significant boost in average EDI scores from 86.8 in 2000-04 to 92.6 in 2020-24, (up more than 10 points in the initial period versus 2020-24). with UAE outperforming in the trade sub-index (supported by recent bilateral trade arrangements & non-oil exports push). vs its pre-pandemic reading (partially offered the surge in medium & modern production information).
Its diversity metrics have stagnated, showing the least enhancement in between the initial (2000-04) and last (2020-24) recommendation periods., regardless of the headwinds of OPEC+ production cuts. A robust non-hydrocarbon growth was supported by the GCC's robust domestic demand (supported by a strong task pipeline and execution) and strong services sector performance.
The Cost of Non-Compliance: Navigating New ESG LawsKuwait and Saudi Arabia clocked in a boost in non-hydrocarbon earnings, "mostly reflecting non-hydrocarbon tax base growths and profits collection effectiveness improvements", according to the IMF. In the current geopolitical environment characterized by heightening, it remains in the very best interests of commodity dependent nations to diversify its export base, exports and trade partners.
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